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    <title><![CDATA[Children and Youth in History]]></title>
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    <pubDate>Wed, 11 Aug 2021 03:25:16 +0000</pubDate>
    <managingEditor>chnm@gmu.edu (Children and Youth in History)</managingEditor>
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      <title><![CDATA[Goha Gives His Son a Lesson About People [Joke]]]></title>
      <link>https://cyh.rrchnm.org/items/show/440</link>
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                                    <div class="element-text">Goha Gives His Son a Lesson About People [Joke]</div>
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                                    <div class="element-text"><p>The anecdote is a lesson to a child who is probably at the adolescent stage of life, and very concerned with how peers and others view him. The experience of the father and son pair shows the futility of trying to act on fickle public opinion. It also plays upon ambiguities in the relationship of care and respect between parent and child at the stage of adolescence, when the parent is aging and the child takes on more responsibility to look out for the parent, in addition to bearing responsibility for behavior that reflects favorably upon the family.</p>
<p>Goha is a popular comic hero in Muslim regions of Africa and Asia, found under various names including Juha and Abu Nuwas in the jokes of North Africa and Southwest Asia. Goha is a good-natured member of the learned class of ulama' and imams (a group often satirized for their foibles), whose stories reflect Islamic values and folk wisdom. He often rides a donkey, is sometimes a rural and sometimes an urban figure who displays both poor and middle class attributes. He is an Everyman, underdog, and hero, both learned and stupid, who provides a mirror of the life and the concerns of ordinary people. The photograph is a still image from a children's television program in Afghanistan that is designed to build literacy among children in areas underserved by schools, and as a supplement to schooling. By tapping into cultural familiarity with the iconic Goha figure, the program seeks to gain acceptance for innovative ways of delivering educational content.</p>
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                                    <div class="element-text">Denys Johnson-Davies, <em>Goha</em> (Cairo: Hoopoe Books in collaboration with the British Council, 1993) <a class="external" href="http://openlibrary.org/b/OL18305296M/Goha ">http://openlibrary.org/b/OL18305296M/Goha</a> (accessed March 15, 2010). Annotated by Susan Douglass.</div>
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                                    <div class="element-text"><p>Goha had a son who was always worried about what people would think or say. The boy could  never do anything because he was always afraid that people might think him foolish. Goha wanted to show his son that it was a waste of time to worry about the opinions of others. He therefore saddled his donkey and told his son that he was going to the neighboring village.</p>
<p>Goha got on his donkey and asked his son to walk behind him. On the way they passed by some people who pointed at Goha and said, "Look at that heartless man who rides his donkey and makes his son walk."</p>
<p>When he heard this, Goha got off the donkey and asked his son to get on, while he walked. Again they passed by some people who pointed at the boy and said, "Just look at the boy who has no manners or respect for the elderly — he rides the donkey and lets his old father walk."</p>
<p>Goha thought about this, so he decided that both he and his son should now ride the donkey. Again they passed by some people who pointed at the donkey carrying both Goha and his son. "What a cruel man that is!" they said. "He has no pity for his donkey and allows both himself and his son to ride it at the same time."</p>
<p>Again Goha gave some thought to what the people had said, so he and his son got off the back of the donkey and both walked behind it. This time, passing by some people, he heard them saying among themselves, "What a couple of fools those two are! Imagine walking when they have a donkey they could ride."</p>
<p>This time Goha was at a loss. Finally, after a lot of thought, he said to his son,"Come along, let's carry the donkey between us."</p> 
<p>So they lifted up the donkey and began carrying it along the road. As they were staggering along, some people saw them and burst out laughing. "Look at those two madmen," they said, "carrying the donkey instead of riding on it!"</p>
<p>So they put the donkey down and Goha said to his son, "You must know, my son, that whatever you do in this life, you will never please everyone."</p>
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        </div><!-- end element-set --><div class="item-file image-jpeg"><a class="download-file" href="/files/download/463/fullsize"><img src="/files/display/463/square_thumbnail" class="thumb" alt="Goha Gives His Son a Lesson About People [Joke]" width="250" height="250"/>
</a></div>]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 02 Jun 2010 02:39:56 +0000</pubDate>
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    <item>
      <title><![CDATA[Maqamat al-Hariri, Rural Scenes by al-Wasiti [Painting]]]></title>
      <link>https://cyh.rrchnm.org/items/show/241</link>
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                                    <div class="element-text">Maqamat al-Hariri, Rural Scenes by al-Wasiti [Painting]</div>
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                                    <div class="element-text"><p>The image by 13th–century illustrator al-Wasiti is from the <em>Maqamat</em> (Assemblies), a collection of stories of a picaresque hero. The author, al-Hariri (1054-1122 CE), is an important figure in Arabic literary history. The illustrations belong to the Baghdad School of miniature illustration, and depict scenes of ordinary life. The scene illustrates aspects of a village life. Al-Wasiti used a composition technique in which multiple levels show different planes of the scene, allowing him to compress many aspects of village life into the small space of the painting. A date palm, the village mosque, and the individual brick or adobe houses line the village street. Al-Wasiti portrayed the intimacy of life in the village, with each door open to show the family dynamics and work being done. A girl stands in one doorway with a woman, probably her mother. A woman in another doorway appears to call to someone, while a husband and wife nearby converse or argue. Poultry roost on the roofs of houses, a woman spins thread, and people tend domestic animals, including sheep, goats and water buffalo, often the work of women and children.</p> </div>
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                                    <div class="element-text">Discussion near a village, from the 43rd maqāmah of the <em>Maqāmāt</em> ("Assemblies") of al-Harīrī, miniature painted by Yahyā ibn Mahmūd al-Wāsitī, 1237; in the Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris.</div>
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                                    <div class="element-text">Susan Douglass</div>
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                                    <div class="element-text">240, 243</div>
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        </div><!-- end element-set --><div class="item-file image-jpeg"><a class="download-file" href="/files/download/163/fullsize"><img src="/files/display/163/square_thumbnail" class="thumb" alt="Maqamat al-Hariri, Rural Scenes by al-Wasiti [Painting]" width="250" height="250"/>
</a></div>]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 20 May 2009 04:27:00 +0000</pubDate>
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      <title><![CDATA[Maqamat al-Hariri, Garden Scene by al-Wasiti [Painting]]]></title>
      <link>https://cyh.rrchnm.org/items/show/240</link>
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                                    <div class="element-text">Maqamat al-Hariri, Garden Scene by al-Wasiti [Painting]</div>
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                                    <div class="element-text"><p>The image by 13th–century illustrator al-Wasiti (fl. 1237) is from the <em>Maqamat</em> (Assemblies), a collection of stories of a picaresque hero. In the upper half of the illustration, a boy in a short tunic and cap with tiraz embroidered bands, leads animals yoked to the <em>saqiyya</em>, a geared water-raising device that irrigated fields and gardens. The boy grasps the tail of the animal and carries a switch as the animals pace around the circle, turning the wheel to raise the water. The water flows into the lower part of the illustration, where guests sit in a garden around a basin and decorative fountain, listening to poetry and music accompanied by a lute. Baghdad had many garden suburbs along the canals, so this scene reflects urban as well as rural social life. The social class of the boy is likely beneath that of the group attending the social gathering. He might be the son of the family who cultivated the land, or a servant. The author, al-Hariri (1054-1122 CE), is an important figure in Arabic literature. The illustrations belong to the Baghdad School of miniature illustration, and were popular even in al-Wasiti's time, depicting dynamic scenes of life within the small space of the page.</p></div>
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                                    <div class="element-text">Scene in a garden of Baghdad, illustration by Yahyā ibn Mahmūd al-Wāsitī (fl. 1237) from the 24th Maqama of al-Hariri, signed and dated Baghdad 1237, Bibioteque Nationale, Paris; MS ar. 5847 f. 69, the Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris. </div>
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                                    <div class="element-text">Susan Douglass</div>
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                                    <div class="element-text">241, 243</div>
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                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
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            <div id="dublin-core-type" class="element">
        <h3>Type</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="dublin-core-identifier" class="element">
        <h3>Identifier</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="dublin-core-coverage" class="element">
        <h3>Coverage</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
        </div><!-- end element-set --><div class="element-set">
    <h2>Additional Item Metadata</h2>
        <div id="additional-item-metadata-transcription" class="element">
        <h3>Transcription</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="additional-item-metadata-local-url" class="element">
        <h3>Local URL</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="additional-item-metadata-online-submission" class="element">
        <h3>Online Submission</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="additional-item-metadata-posting-consent" class="element">
        <h3>Posting Consent</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="additional-item-metadata-submission-consent" class="element">
        <h3>Submission Consent</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="additional-item-metadata-process-edit" class="element">
        <h3>Process Edit</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="additional-item-metadata-process-annotate" class="element">
        <h3>Process Annotate</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="additional-item-metadata-process-review" class="element">
        <h3>Process Review</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="additional-item-metadata-website-image" class="element">
        <h3>Website Image</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="additional-item-metadata-analyzing-sources" class="element">
        <h3>Analyzing Sources</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="additional-item-metadata-publisher" class="element">
        <h3>Publisher</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="additional-item-metadata-creator" class="element">
        <h3>Creator</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="additional-item-metadata-source" class="element">
        <h3>Source</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="additional-item-metadata-date" class="element">
        <h3>Date</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="additional-item-metadata-rights" class="element">
        <h3>Rights</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="additional-item-metadata-bibliographic-citation" class="element">
        <h3>Bibliographic Citation</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="additional-item-metadata-provenance" class="element">
        <h3>Provenance</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="additional-item-metadata-citation" class="element">
        <h3>Citation</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="additional-item-metadata-spatial-coverage" class="element">
        <h3>Spatial Coverage</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="additional-item-metadata-rights-holder" class="element">
        <h3>Rights Holder</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="additional-item-metadata-temporal-coverage" class="element">
        <h3>Temporal Coverage</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
        </div><!-- end element-set --><div class="element-set">
    <h2>Still Image Item Type Metadata</h2>
        <div id="still-image-item-type-metadata-physical-dimensions" class="element">
        <h3>Physical Dimensions</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="still-image-item-type-metadata-image-description" class="element">
        <h3>Image Description</h3>
                                    <div class="element-text">Color image by 13th–century illustrator al-Wasiti (fl. 1237). In the upper half of the illustration, a boy in a short tunic and cap with tiraz embroidered bands, leads animals yoked to the saqiyya, a geared water-raising device that irrigated fields and gardens. The boy grasps the tail of the animal and carries a switch as the animals pace around the circle, turning the wheel to raise the water. The water flows into the lower part of the illustration, where guests sit in a garden around a basin and decorative fountain, listening to poetry and music accompanied by a lute.</div>
                    </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="still-image-item-type-metadata-related-primary-sources" class="element">
        <h3>Related Primary Sources</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
        </div><!-- end element-set --><div class="item-file image-jpeg"><a class="download-file" href="/files/download/162/fullsize"><img src="/files/display/162/square_thumbnail" class="thumb" alt="Maqamat al-Hariri, Garden Scene by al-Wasiti [Painting]" width="250" height="250"/>
</a></div>]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 20 May 2009 04:09:03 +0000</pubDate>
      <enclosure url="https://cyh.rrchnm.org/files/download/162/fullsize" type="image/jpeg" length="224191"/>
    </item>
  </channel>
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