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    <title><![CDATA[Children and Youth in History]]></title>
    <link>http://cyh.rrchnm.org/items/browse?tag=Entertainment&amp;output=rss2</link>
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    <pubDate>Wed, 11 Aug 2021 03:24:24 +0000</pubDate>
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      <title><![CDATA[Piñata [Object]]]></title>
      <link>https://cyh.rrchnm.org/items/show/411</link>
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                                    <div class="element-text">Piñata [Object]</div>
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                                    <div class="element-text"><p>A piñata is a decorated container of paper or clay that contains sweets, small toys, fruits, and nuts. It is the object of a game played in Mexico at children's birthday parties and at Christmas celebrations, in which blindfolded children take turns trying to break the piñata with a stick to release the treats.</p> 

<p>Yet the piñata has a long history. Piñatas are typically made of paper-mâché, and are attributed to China where paper originated. Marco Polo is believed to have seen Chinese paper figures of bulls and other animals covered with colored paper and filled with seeds. When struck with a stick, the seeds spilled out. As part of the ritual, the paper creation was then burned and its ashes gathered for good luck. Polo likely brought the idea to Italy, where by the 14th century it was associated with celebration of Lent, and acquired the Italian name <em>pignatta</em> or "fragile pot." This custom spread to Spain in subsequent centuries, but involved a clay pot called <em>la olla</em>, derived from a colloquial Arabic word for a terracotta water jug. Paper decorations and ribbons were wrapped around the pot to make it festive.</p>

<p>Missionaries brought the custom to New Spain, where it encountered a similar tradition. To honor the Aztec god of war, a decorated, filled pot was broken in the temple at the feet of the god's statue. Catholic missionaries employed the colorful piñata custom to teach Christian religion. A traditional Mexican shape for piñatas is a spherical shape with seven conical points symbolizing the seven deadly sins—greed, gluttony, sloth, pride, envy, wrath, and lust. Inside the piñata, however, were tempting sweets and treats, representing the pleasures of life. The person wielding the stick of virtue represents faith, which can defeat evil, and the treats represented the hope of reward.</p> 

<p>This symbolic piñata became traditional at Christmas, and is shown here. Today, piñatas come in the shape of animals, cars, and cartoon characters. Making piñatas for children's parties is a major industry, especially since the custom continued to spread around the world.</p>
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                                    <div class="element-text">Photograph (top) Victor Ancheta, "Christmas Piñata," <em>Flickr</em>, <a class="external" href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/victorancheta/2167074229/in/photostream/">http://www.flickr.com/photos/victorancheta/2167074229/in/photostream/</a>; (bottom) Katia Lopez-Hodoyan, "Piñata: Party's Game Is Ancient History," <em>La Prensa San Diego</em>, February 6, 2004, <a class="external" href="http://www.laprensa-sandiego.org/archieve/february06-04/pinata.htm">http://www.laprensa-sandiego.org/archieve/february06-04/pinata.htm</a>; Wendy Devlin, "History of the Piñata," <em>Mexconnect</em>, <a class="external" href="http://www.mexconnect.com/articles/459">http://www.mexconnect.com/articles/459</a> (accessed January 26, 2010). Annotated by Susan Douglass.</div>
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                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
        </div><!-- end element-set --><div class="item-file image-jpeg"><a class="download-file" href="/files/download/439/fullsize">pinata combo.jpg</a></div>]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 06 Feb 2010 03:43:12 +0000</pubDate>
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    <item>
      <title><![CDATA[Japanese American Incarceration at Amache, Colorado, Interview [Oral History]]]></title>
      <link>https://cyh.rrchnm.org/items/show/318</link>
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    <h2>Dublin Core</h2>
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        <h3>Title</h3>
                                    <div class="element-text">Japanese American Incarceration at Amache, Colorado, Interview [Oral History]</div>
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                                    <div class="element-text"><p>Norman I. Hirose is a Nisei (second generation) Japanese American born in 1926 in Oakland, California. He grew up in Oakland and Berkeley, California. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, the Hirose family was removed to the Tanforan Assembly Center, California (a converted racetrack), and later to Topaz incarceration camp, Utah. Authorities in charge of the camps organized recreational activities to occupy the imprisoned population. In this interview excerpt, Hirose describes a Fourth of July celebration at Tanforan and the diversions practiced by the Issei ("first generation"). Along with other former detainees, Hirose received a presidential apology and partial reparations in the 1980s for being incarcerated without due process of law, solely on the basis of his Japanese ancestry.</p></div>
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                                    <div class="element-text">Norman I. Hirose, interview, July 31, 2008, Emeryville, California. From Densho Digital Archive, &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://www.densho.org/&quot;&gt;http://www.densho.org/&lt;/a&gt;. Interviewer: Tom Ikeda, segment, 15, denshovh-hnorman-01 (accessed October 14, 2009). Annotated by Patricia Kiyono.</div>
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                                    <div class="element-text">2008-07-31</div>
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                                    <div class="element-text">Densho: The Japanese American Legacy Project</div>
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                                    <div class="element-text">314, 315, 316, 317, 319, 320, 321, 322</div>
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                                    <div class="element-text">video/quicktime</div>
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                                    <div class="element-text">en</div>
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                                    <div class="element-text"><p>TI: Any other memories of Tanforan, like any fun memories?</p>
<p>NH: Well, we had, we had a Fourth of July celebration, and I don't know why, but we did. [Laughs]</p>
<p>TI: I mean, did anyone, people must have commented on the irony of Independence Day?</p>
<p>NH: I guess so. I don't know why, come to think of it, I really don't know why, but I remember we had Fourth of July celebration. And then was it Friday evening, we would have talent shows, 'cause we didn't have any movies or anything like that, and so Goro, Goro, what's his name? I can't remember his last name, but he was a very talented -- well, I thought -- singer and emcee. And he was funny and we enjoyed whatever it is that he said. And he must have been about, oh, I don't know, couldn't have been more than twenty years old, I don't think.</p>
<p>TI: So you looked forward to the Friday night talent shows. What were some of the things other people did? You said singing. . .</p>
<p>NH: Oh, then they went around and, scrounged around and asked people, and so-and-so played the violin so she, the girl came and played the violin for us, and some people played the piano and they played selections on the piano. I don't know where they got the piano from, but they got it from somewhere. Mostly singing, and that was our show. But then it was fun.</p>
<p>TI: And going back to that Fourth of July celebration or party, what did they do on the Fourth of July? I'm curious.</p>
<p>NH: I don't remember. All I know it was the Fourth of July, but there were no fireworks, obviously there weren't any fireworks. But we all went in the grandstand, and I guess we were singing, mostly.</p>
<p>TI: And your parents, what kind of activities did the Isseis have?</p>
<p>NH: Oh, Isseis had. . . well, my father played go, so they, they played go, all around camp you would see the older men playing go all day long.</p>
<p>TI: And your mother? What would, what would the women do?</p>
<p>NH: I don't know what they did, but I know that she crocheted a lot and knitted a lot. She was left-handed. I still have her, she made a bedspread for each of us, huge double bed bedspread, all crocheted by hand. And where did her, her thread, our neighbor in Berkeley, she asked, came to see us, and she asked her if she could bring some crocheting thread, and she brought it, Mrs. Lindberg. And she's since passed, on, too.</p>
<p>TI: And so with that thread, your mom made these bedspreads for each of the kids. And you said you still have that?</p>
<p>NH: I still have mine, yeah.</p>
<p>TI: Oh, that's, what a treasure.</p>
<p>NH: Yeah, and I think I know where it is, but oh well.</p>
<p>TI: You should, you should take care of that. That'd be a really important artifact for people, something made in camp.</p>
<p>NH: Yeah, it was made in camp.</p></div>
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                                    <div class="element-text">Norman I. Hirose, interview, July 31, 2008, Emeryville, California. From Densho Digital Archive, &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://www.densho.org/&quot;&gt;http://www.densho.org/&lt;/a&gt;. Interviewer: Tom Ikeda, segment, 15, denshovh-hnorman-01 (accessed October 14, 2009).</div>
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                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
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        <h3>Spatial Coverage</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
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                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
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                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
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                                    <div class="element-text">Tom Ikeda</div>
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        <h3>Interview Transcription</h3>
                                    <div class="element-text"><p>TI: Any other memories of Tanforan, like any fun memories?</p>
<p>NH: Well, we had, we had a Fourth of July celebration, and I don't know why, but we did. [Laughs]</p>
<p>TI: I mean, did anyone, people must have commented on the irony of Independence Day?</p>
<p>NH: I guess so. I don't know why, come to think of it, I really don't know why, but I remember we had Fourth of July celebration. And then was it Friday evening, we would have talent shows, 'cause we didn't have any movies or anything like that, and so Goro, Goro, what's his name? I can't remember his last name, but he was a very talented -- well, I thought -- singer and emcee. And he was funny and we enjoyed whatever it is that he said. And he must have been about, oh, I don't know, couldn't have been more than twenty years old, I don't think.</p>
<p>TI: So you looked forward to the Friday night talent shows. What were some of the things other people did? You said singing. . .</p>
<p>NH: Oh, then they went around and, scrounged around and asked people, and so-and-so played the violin so she, the girl came and played the violin for us, and some people played the piano and they played selections on the piano. I don't know where they got the piano from, but they got it from somewhere. Mostly singing, and that was our show. But then it was fun.</p>
<p>TI: And going back to that Fourth of July celebration or party, what did they do on the Fourth of July? I'm curious.</p>
<p>NH: I don't remember. All I know it was the Fourth of July, but there were no fireworks, obviously there weren't any fireworks. But we all went in the grandstand, and I guess we were singing, mostly.</p>
<p>TI: And your parents, what kind of activities did the Isseis have?</p>
<p>NH: Oh, Isseis had. . . well, my father played go, so they, they played go, all around camp you would see the older men playing go all day long.</p>
<p>TI: And your mother? What would, what would the women do?</p>
<p>NH: I don't know what they did, but I know that she crocheted a lot and knitted a lot. She was left-handed. I still have her, she made a bedspread for each of us, huge double bed bedspread, all crocheted by hand. And where did her, her thread, our neighbor in Berkeley, she asked, came to see us, and she asked her if she could bring some crocheting thread, and she brought it, Mrs. Lindberg. And she's since passed, on, too.</p>
<p>TI: And so with that thread, your mom made these bedspreads for each of the kids. And you said you still have that?</p>
<p>NH: I still have mine, yeah.</p>
<p>TI: Oh, that's, what a treasure.</p>
<p>NH: Yeah, and I think I know where it is, but oh well.</p>
<p>TI: You should, you should take care of that. That'd be a really important artifact for people, something made in camp.</p>
<p>NH: Yeah, it was made in camp.</p></div>
                    </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="oral-history-item-type-metadata-date-of-interview" class="element">
        <h3>Date of Interview</h3>
                                    <div class="element-text">July 31, 2008</div>
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        <h3>Time Summary</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
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        <h3>Bit Rate/Frequency</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
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            <div id="oral-history-item-type-metadata-duration" class="element">
        <h3>Duration</h3>
                                    <div class="element-text">3:41</div>
                    </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="oral-history-item-type-metadata-location" class="element">
        <h3>Location</h3>
                                    <div class="element-text">Emeryville, California</div>
                    </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="oral-history-item-type-metadata-interviewee" class="element">
        <h3>Interviewee</h3>
                                    <div class="element-text">Norman I. Hirose</div>
                    </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="oral-history-item-type-metadata-related-primary-sources" class="element">
        <h3>Related Primary Sources</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
        </div><!-- end element-set --><div class="item-file video-quicktime"><video width="320" height="240" controls >
                    <source src="https://cyh.rrchnm.org/archive/files/318_denshovh-hnorman-1-15_95840c5a30.mp4" type="video/mp4" />
                    <source src="https://cyh.rrchnm.org/archive/files/318_denshovh-hnorman-1-15_95840c5a30.ogv" type="video/ogg" />
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      <pubDate>Wed, 14 Oct 2009 16:29:30 +0000</pubDate>
      <enclosure url="https://cyh.rrchnm.org/files/download/332/fullsize" type="video/quicktime" length="10139368"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title><![CDATA[Indus Valley Climbing Monkey Toy [Object]]]></title>
      <link>https://cyh.rrchnm.org/items/show/312</link>
      <description><![CDATA[<div class="element-set">
    <h2>Dublin Core</h2>
        <div id="dublin-core-title" class="element">
        <h3>Title</h3>
                                    <div class="element-text">Indus Valley Climbing Monkey Toy [Object]</div>
                    </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="dublin-core-subject" class="element">
        <h3>Subject</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="dublin-core-description" class="element">
        <h3>Description</h3>
                                    <div class="element-text"><p>The monkey figurine shown in two views is mounted on a wooden platform for display, but it was apparently designed with the ability to slide down a string or thin rod so as to appear to climb or jump. The figurine is hand-modeled from terracotta and features a fully rounded body in a complicated, lifelike pose with a realistic facial expression, ears, and incised lines representing its fur. The monkey was excavated from the Indus Valley archaeological site called Mohenjo-Daro, dated to ca. 2500 B.C.E. Excavations from sites in the Indus Valley included many figurines made from terracotta, some of which were clearly for entertainment, including whistles shaped like birds, small animals including bulls with moveable heads and horns, and toy carts.  Archaeologists classified the monkey figurine as a toy. The figurine is 5.5 centimeters (2.1 inches) high.</p></div>
                    </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="dublin-core-creator" class="element">
        <h3>Creator</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="dublin-core-source" class="element">
        <h3>Source</h3>
                                    <div class="element-text">Climbing Monkey hand-modeled, Indus Valley, Delhi National Museum; Set 61: Indian Terracottas I: From Indian Earth 6103; copyright ACSAA Slide (c)AAAUM.</div>
                    </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="dublin-core-publisher" class="element">
        <h3>Publisher</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="dublin-core-date" class="element">
        <h3>Date</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="dublin-core-contributor" class="element">
        <h3>Contributor</h3>
                                    <div class="element-text">Susan Douglass</div>
                    </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="dublin-core-rights" class="element">
        <h3>Rights</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="dublin-core-relation" class="element">
        <h3>Relation</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="dublin-core-format" class="element">
        <h3>Format</h3>
                                    <div class="element-text">image/jpeg</div>
                    </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="dublin-core-language" class="element">
        <h3>Language</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="dublin-core-type" class="element">
        <h3>Type</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="dublin-core-identifier" class="element">
        <h3>Identifier</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="dublin-core-coverage" class="element">
        <h3>Coverage</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
        </div><!-- end element-set --><div class="element-set">
    <h2>Additional Item Metadata</h2>
        <div id="additional-item-metadata-transcription" class="element">
        <h3>Transcription</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="additional-item-metadata-local-url" class="element">
        <h3>Local URL</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="additional-item-metadata-online-submission" class="element">
        <h3>Online Submission</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="additional-item-metadata-posting-consent" class="element">
        <h3>Posting Consent</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="additional-item-metadata-submission-consent" class="element">
        <h3>Submission Consent</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="additional-item-metadata-process-edit" class="element">
        <h3>Process Edit</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="additional-item-metadata-process-annotate" class="element">
        <h3>Process Annotate</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="additional-item-metadata-process-review" class="element">
        <h3>Process Review</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="additional-item-metadata-website-image" class="element">
        <h3>Website Image</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="additional-item-metadata-analyzing-sources" class="element">
        <h3>Analyzing Sources</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="additional-item-metadata-publisher" class="element">
        <h3>Publisher</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="additional-item-metadata-creator" class="element">
        <h3>Creator</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="additional-item-metadata-source" class="element">
        <h3>Source</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="additional-item-metadata-date" class="element">
        <h3>Date</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="additional-item-metadata-rights" class="element">
        <h3>Rights</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="additional-item-metadata-bibliographic-citation" class="element">
        <h3>Bibliographic Citation</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="additional-item-metadata-provenance" class="element">
        <h3>Provenance</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="additional-item-metadata-citation" class="element">
        <h3>Citation</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="additional-item-metadata-spatial-coverage" class="element">
        <h3>Spatial Coverage</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="additional-item-metadata-rights-holder" class="element">
        <h3>Rights Holder</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="additional-item-metadata-temporal-coverage" class="element">
        <h3>Temporal Coverage</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
        </div><!-- end element-set --><div class="element-set">
    <h2>Still Image Item Type Metadata</h2>
        <div id="still-image-item-type-metadata-physical-dimensions" class="element">
        <h3>Physical Dimensions</h3>
                                    <div class="element-text">5.5 centimeters (2.1 inches) high</div>
                    </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="still-image-item-type-metadata-image-description" class="element">
        <h3>Image Description</h3>
                                    <div class="element-text">Two images of a monkey figurine hand-modeled from terracotta, shown in two views, mounted on a wooden platform for display. It was apparently designed with the ability to slide down a string or thin rod so as to appear to climb or jump. The figurine features a fully rounded body in a complicated, lifelike pose with a realistic facial expression, ears, and incised lines representing its fur.</div>
                    </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="still-image-item-type-metadata-related-primary-sources" class="element">
        <h3>Related Primary Sources</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
        </div><!-- end element-set --><div class="item-file image-jpeg"><a class="download-file" href="/files/download/253/fullsize"><img src="/files/display/253/square_thumbnail" class="thumb" alt="Indus Valley Climbing Monkey Toy [Object]" width="250" height="250"/>
</a></div>]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 12 Oct 2009 16:32:20 +0000</pubDate>
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