<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<rss xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/" version="2.0">
  <channel>
    <title><![CDATA[Children and Youth in History]]></title>
    <link>http://cyh.rrchnm.org/items/browse?tag=Petition&amp;output=rss2</link>
    <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
    <pubDate>Wed, 11 Aug 2021 03:26:00 +0000</pubDate>
    <managingEditor>chnm@gmu.edu (Children and Youth in History)</managingEditor>
    <generator>Zend_Feed</generator>
    <docs>http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss</docs>
    <item>
      <title><![CDATA[Beatles Petition and Response [Letters]]]></title>
      <link>https://cyh.rrchnm.org/items/show/168</link>
      <description><![CDATA[<div class="element-set">
    <h2>Dublin Core</h2>
        <div id="dublin-core-title" class="element">
        <h3>Title</h3>
                                    <div class="element-text">Beatles Petition and Response [Letters]</div>
                    </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="dublin-core-subject" class="element">
        <h3>Subject</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="dublin-core-description" class="element">
        <h3>Description</h3>
                                    <div class="element-text"><p>In April 1964, the U.S. Labor Department announced new rules for foreign entertainers. Applying through Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS), entertainers with unique talent would be allowed to enter. The Labor Department would evaluate all others to assess availability of American workers. Based on several misleading newspaper reports, rumors spread quickly that the Beatles would not be allowed to return to the U.S. Teenagers from around the country expressed outrage, writing immediately to President Lyndon Johnson, Labor Secretary W. Willard Wirtz, and members of Congress, among others. In the following letter, Arizona teenager Bonnie Wilkins writes to Secretary Wirtz and Herman Kenin, president of the American Federation of Musicians, promising to "fight, argue, [and] negotiate" until the Beatles are allowed to perform in the U.S. She submitted petitions with thousands of signatures from around the country, asking to be taken seriously despite her age and appealing to a universal teenage culture, "I'm sure that you had fads when you were teenagers." Teenage culture emerged in the 1920s, 1930s, and 1940s, based in part on a dramatic rise in high school attendance. Wilkins' letter and Wirtz's response demonstrate the acceptance of an established teenage culture in the 1960s, clearly defined both by its distinction from adult culture as well as by its connection. Wilkins and many other teens saw themselves as active citizens with a legitimate say in government actions.</p></div>
                    </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="dublin-core-creator" class="element">
        <h3>Creator</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="dublin-core-source" class="element">
        <h3>Source</h3>
                                    <div class="element-text">Lee Ann Potter, "The Reaction of Beatles' Fans to Immigration Law, 1964," in <em>Teaching With Documents: 1950-1975 : Using Primary Sources from the National Archives</em>, ABC Clio (2002): 101-106. Visit <a href="http://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/" target="_blank"><em>Teaching with Documents</em></a> for more activities.<br /></div>
                    </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="dublin-core-publisher" class="element">
        <h3>Publisher</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="dublin-core-date" class="element">
        <h3>Date</h3>
                                    <div class="element-text">2008-10-18</div>
                    </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="dublin-core-contributor" class="element">
        <h3>Contributor</h3>
                                    <div class="element-text">Kelly Schrum</div>
                    </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="dublin-core-rights" class="element">
        <h3>Rights</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="dublin-core-relation" class="element">
        <h3>Relation</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="dublin-core-format" class="element">
        <h3>Format</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="dublin-core-language" class="element">
        <h3>Language</h3>
                                    <div class="element-text">eng</div>
                    </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="dublin-core-type" class="element">
        <h3>Type</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="dublin-core-identifier" class="element">
        <h3>Identifier</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="dublin-core-coverage" class="element">
        <h3>Coverage</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
        </div><!-- end element-set --><div class="element-set">
    <h2>Additional Item Metadata</h2>
        <div id="additional-item-metadata-transcription" class="element">
        <h3>Transcription</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="additional-item-metadata-local-url" class="element">
        <h3>Local URL</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="additional-item-metadata-online-submission" class="element">
        <h3>Online Submission</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="additional-item-metadata-posting-consent" class="element">
        <h3>Posting Consent</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="additional-item-metadata-submission-consent" class="element">
        <h3>Submission Consent</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="additional-item-metadata-process-edit" class="element">
        <h3>Process Edit</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="additional-item-metadata-process-annotate" class="element">
        <h3>Process Annotate</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="additional-item-metadata-process-review" class="element">
        <h3>Process Review</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="additional-item-metadata-website-image" class="element">
        <h3>Website Image</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="additional-item-metadata-analyzing-sources" class="element">
        <h3>Analyzing Sources</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="additional-item-metadata-publisher" class="element">
        <h3>Publisher</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="additional-item-metadata-creator" class="element">
        <h3>Creator</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="additional-item-metadata-source" class="element">
        <h3>Source</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="additional-item-metadata-date" class="element">
        <h3>Date</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="additional-item-metadata-rights" class="element">
        <h3>Rights</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="additional-item-metadata-bibliographic-citation" class="element">
        <h3>Bibliographic Citation</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="additional-item-metadata-provenance" class="element">
        <h3>Provenance</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="additional-item-metadata-citation" class="element">
        <h3>Citation</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="additional-item-metadata-spatial-coverage" class="element">
        <h3>Spatial Coverage</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="additional-item-metadata-rights-holder" class="element">
        <h3>Rights Holder</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="additional-item-metadata-temporal-coverage" class="element">
        <h3>Temporal Coverage</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
        </div><!-- end element-set --><div class="element-set">
    <h2>Document Item Type Metadata</h2>
        <div id="document-item-type-metadata-text" class="element">
        <h3>Text</h3>
                                    <div class="element-text"><h3>Beatles Petition</h3>
<p style="text-align: right;">6215 Calle Redonda<br /> Scottsdale, Arizona<br /> April 24, 1964</p>
<p>Mr. Herman Kenin<br /> President<br /> American Federation of Musicians<br /> New York, New York</p>
<p>Willard Wirtz<br /> United States Sec. of Labor<br /> Washington D.C.</p>
<p>Dear Messrs. Kenin and Wirtz,</p>
<p>In the past few weeks Miss Debbie Page and I have been sponsoring a campaign against a decision made by you. This concerns action you are taking to keep the British groups, especially the Beatles, out of the United States. We have petitions from numerous parts of the country, all stating our extreme dislike and disapproval of your efforts. These aren't just crank petitions, for we have studied the problem carefully, and we realize that we are only minors, and that you hold high and esteemed positions as leaders of the country. But in this case we cannot accept the statement that, "You Can't Fight City Hall". We are going to fight, argue, negotiate, and keep on sending you thousands of names until some action is taken. Please don't just laugh at the petitions and throw them in the wastebasket--- please hear our plea. I'm sure that you had fads when you were teenagers, and just because they are from another country, there is no need to act that way toward the Beatles. We were a little tired of our American singers, and the Beatles are a refreshing change.</p>
<p>We once again ask you to hear our plea, and please let the Beatles perform here--- they're not hurting anybody.</p>
<p style="text-align: right;">Very Sincerely,</p>
<p style="text-align: right;"><br /> Bonnie Wilkins</p>
<hr />
<h3>[Response]</h3>
<p style="text-align: right;">May 4 &ndash; 1964</p>
<p>Miss Bonnie Wilkins<br /> 6215 Calle Redonda<br /> Scottsdale, Arizona</p>
<p>Dear Bonnie:</p>
<p>Thank you and Miss Debbie Page for sending me the petitions urging that the Beatles be allowed to come back to the United States.</p>
<p>The determination and ingenuity you demonstrated are very impressive. I also note that thousands of persons have signed your petitions. This is a tremendous showing of interest.</p>
<p>The reports that I am trying to keep out the Beatles are absolutely incorrect. I am sorry that this false impression was created by an erroneous newspaper report.</p>
<p>I do not know whether the Beatles will apply to re-enter the United States under the part of the law governed solely by the Immigration and Naturalization Service or under the rules where the department of Labor gives certain information to the Immigration Service. In either case, I assume the Beatles would be permitted to enter the United States again as they were earlier this year.</p>
<p>You may be relieved to know that, while the Government of the United States is old, it is not run by old fogies.</p>
<p style="text-align: right;">Yours sincerely,</p>
<p style="text-align: right;"><br /> W. Willard Wirtz</p>
<p style="text-align: right;">Secretary of Labor</p>
<p style="text-align: right;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align: left;">MCass/ah<br />4-30-64</p></div>
                    </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="document-item-type-metadata-related-primary-sources" class="element">
        <h3>Related Primary Sources</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
        </div><!-- end element-set --><div class="item-file image-jpeg"><a class="download-file" href="/files/download/173/fullsize"><img src="/files/display/173/square_thumbnail" class="thumb" alt="Beatles Petition and Response [Letters]" width="250" height="250"/>
</a></div><div class="item-file image-jpeg"><a class="download-file" href="/files/download/175/fullsize"><img src="/files/display/175/square_thumbnail" class="thumb" alt="Beatles Petition and Response [Letters]" width="250" height="250"/>
</a></div>]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 19 Oct 2008 04:55:29 +0000</pubDate>
      <enclosure url="https://cyh.rrchnm.org/files/download/173/fullsize" type="image/jpeg" length="157460"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title><![CDATA[Petition to Raise the Age of Consent (1887) [Petition]]]></title>
      <link>https://cyh.rrchnm.org/items/show/39</link>
      <description><![CDATA[<div class="element-set">
    <h2>Dublin Core</h2>
        <div id="dublin-core-title" class="element">
        <h3>Title</h3>
                                    <div class="element-text">Petition to Raise the Age of Consent (1887) [Petition]</div>
                    </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="dublin-core-subject" class="element">
        <h3>Subject</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="dublin-core-description" class="element">
        <h3>Description</h3>
                                    <div class="element-text"><p>Petitions played a major role in campaigns to raise the age of consent and they represented a way for women, who did not have the vote, to seek legislative action. This petition, drafted by leaders of the Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) and social purity reformers in New York City, was circulated through the organization's state and local branches in the U.S. Thousands of forms were submitted to state and federal legislatures; one petition to raise the age of consent in District of Columbia alone contained 200,000 signatures. The WCTU also solicited letters of support to legislators from prominent citizens, organized mass meetings, lectures, and speeches, and sought favorable press coverage. The petition deliberately does not use the term "age of consent" but instead the WCTU used "age of protection," which its members found "less objectionable."</p>

<p>The petitions are notable for several reasons: in addition to sexual violence, it highlights new scenarios as justifications for an increased age of consent; it also draws a link between the age of consent and the age of majority, 20 years of age in this period, when a girl could enter into contracts and control her own property.</p></div>
                    </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="dublin-core-creator" class="element">
        <h3>Creator</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="dublin-core-source" class="element">
        <h3>Source</h3>
                                    <div class="element-text">Women's Christian Temperance Union. "Petition." <em>Union Signal</em>, January 13,1887, 12. Annotated by Stephen Robertson.</div>
                    </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="dublin-core-publisher" class="element">
        <h3>Publisher</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="dublin-core-date" class="element">
        <h3>Date</h3>
                                    <div class="element-text">2008-04-18</div>
                    </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="dublin-core-contributor" class="element">
        <h3>Contributor</h3>
                                    <div class="element-text">Stephen Robertson</div>
                    </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="dublin-core-rights" class="element">
        <h3>Rights</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="dublin-core-relation" class="element">
        <h3>Relation</h3>
                                    <div class="element-text">230</div>
                    </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="dublin-core-format" class="element">
        <h3>Format</h3>
                                    <div class="element-text">text</div>
                    </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="dublin-core-language" class="element">
        <h3>Language</h3>
                                    <div class="element-text">en</div>
                    </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="dublin-core-type" class="element">
        <h3>Type</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="dublin-core-identifier" class="element">
        <h3>Identifier</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="dublin-core-coverage" class="element">
        <h3>Coverage</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
        </div><!-- end element-set --><div class="element-set">
    <h2>Additional Item Metadata</h2>
        <div id="additional-item-metadata-transcription" class="element">
        <h3>Transcription</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="additional-item-metadata-local-url" class="element">
        <h3>Local URL</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="additional-item-metadata-online-submission" class="element">
        <h3>Online Submission</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="additional-item-metadata-posting-consent" class="element">
        <h3>Posting Consent</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="additional-item-metadata-submission-consent" class="element">
        <h3>Submission Consent</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="additional-item-metadata-process-edit" class="element">
        <h3>Process Edit</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="additional-item-metadata-process-annotate" class="element">
        <h3>Process Annotate</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="additional-item-metadata-process-review" class="element">
        <h3>Process Review</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="additional-item-metadata-website-image" class="element">
        <h3>Website Image</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="additional-item-metadata-analyzing-sources" class="element">
        <h3>Analyzing Sources</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="additional-item-metadata-publisher" class="element">
        <h3>Publisher</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="additional-item-metadata-creator" class="element">
        <h3>Creator</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="additional-item-metadata-source" class="element">
        <h3>Source</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="additional-item-metadata-date" class="element">
        <h3>Date</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="additional-item-metadata-rights" class="element">
        <h3>Rights</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="additional-item-metadata-bibliographic-citation" class="element">
        <h3>Bibliographic Citation</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="additional-item-metadata-provenance" class="element">
        <h3>Provenance</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="additional-item-metadata-citation" class="element">
        <h3>Citation</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="additional-item-metadata-spatial-coverage" class="element">
        <h3>Spatial Coverage</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="additional-item-metadata-rights-holder" class="element">
        <h3>Rights Holder</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="additional-item-metadata-temporal-coverage" class="element">
        <h3>Temporal Coverage</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
        </div><!-- end element-set --><div class="element-set">
    <h2>Document Item Type Metadata</h2>
        <div id="document-item-type-metadata-text" class="element">
        <h3>Text</h3>
                                    <div class="element-text"><p><em>To the Senate and House of Representatives</em></p>

<p>The increasing and alarming frequency of assaults upon women, and the frightful indignities to which even little girls are subject, have become the shame of our boasted civilization.</p>

<p>A study of the Statutes has revealed their utter failure to meet the demands of the newly awakened public sentiment which requires better legal protection for womanhood and girlhood.</p>

<p>Therefore we, men and women of ____, State of _____ do most earnestly appeal to you to enact such statutes as shall provide for the adequate punishment of crimes against women and girls. We also urge that the age at which a girl can legally consent to her own ruin be raised to at least eighteen years; and we call attention to the disgraceful fact that protection of the person is not placed by our laws upon so high a plane as protection of the purse.</p></div>
                    </div><!-- end element -->
            <div id="document-item-type-metadata-related-primary-sources" class="element">
        <h3>Related Primary Sources</h3>
                    <div class="element-text-empty">[no text]</div>
            </div><!-- end element -->
        </div><!-- end element-set -->]]></description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 18 Apr 2008 18:10:17 +0000</pubDate>
    </item>
  </channel>
</rss>
